Supports integers from 1 to 3,999
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Enter a value and click Convert// convert numbers ↔ roman numerals in one click
Convert numbers to Roman numerals and Roman numerals to numbers instantly. Free, browser-based, no sign-up required.
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Enter a value and click ConvertSelect "123 → Roman" to convert a number, or "Roman → 123" to decode a Roman numeral.
Type a number (1–3,999) or a Roman numeral string like MMXXIV.
See the result instantly with a full symbol breakdown.
Roman numerals use letters from the Latin alphabet (I, V, X, L, C, D, M) to represent values. This tool converts any integer from 1 to 3,999 to its Roman form and vice versa, with a symbol-by-symbol breakdown so you can understand the logic.
This converter supports integers from 1 to 3,999 (I to MMMCMXCIX). Numbers 4,000 and above require special notation (vinculum) that is not part of the standard Roman numeral system.
Roman numerals use a subtractive notation: when a smaller symbol appears before a larger one, it is subtracted. So IV = 5 − 1 = 4. This keeps numerals shorter and avoids repeating a symbol more than three times.
No. The Romans had no symbol for zero. Roman numerals begin at I (1). If you need to represent zero, you must use Arabic numerals.
The seven symbols are: I = 1, V = 5, X = 10, L = 50, C = 100, D = 500, M = 1,000. All other values are built by combining these using additive and subtractive rules.
Read the numeral left-to-right, adding each symbol's value — except when a smaller symbol precedes a larger one (subtract it instead). For example, MMXXIV = 1000+1000+10+10+4 = 2024.
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Roman numerals are a numeral system that originated in ancient Rome and remained the usual way of writing numbers throughout Europe well into the Late Middle Ages. Numbers are represented by combinations of seven Latin letters: I, V, X, L, C, D, and M.
The system is primarily additive — symbols are listed from largest to smallest and their values summed. The subtractive rule applies in six specific cases: IV (4), IX (9), XL (40), XC (90), CD (400), and CM (900). These avoid repeating a symbol more than three times consecutively.
Roman numerals still appear on clock faces, cornerstones of buildings, chapter headings, film sequel titles, and copyright dates. Knowing how to read and write them is a practical skill in many contexts — from history and law to design and publishing.
Standard Roman numerals cover the range 1 (I) through 3,999 (MMMCMXCIX). Beyond this, ancient Romans used a vinculum (overline) notation, which is not part of the modern standard and is not handled by this tool.