8 bytes128 bytes
Longer = more entropy. 32 bytes (256 bits) is recommended for most use cases.
Generate 1–20 tokens at once for batch operations.
Ready to generate
Configure options and click Generate// generate secure state tokens to prevent CSRF in OAuth flows
Generate cryptographically secure OAuth state parameters to prevent CSRF attacks. Instant, browser-based, free — no signup required.
Longer = more entropy. 32 bytes (256 bits) is recommended for most use cases.
Generate 1–20 tokens at once for batch operations.
Ready to generate
Configure options and click GenerateSelect hex, base64url, or alphanumeric depending on your OAuth library's expectations.
Pick byte length (32 bytes = 256-bit entropy is NIST-recommended for state parameters).
Click Generate, then copy individual tokens or all at once. Store in session before redirecting to OAuth provider.
The OAuth state parameter is a random token you generate before redirecting a user to an authorization server. After the redirect back, you verify the returned state matches what you stored — this prevents CSRF attacks on your OAuth callback endpoint.
The state parameter is an opaque, random value included in an OAuth authorization request. After the user authenticates, the authorization server returns this same value to your callback URL. Your app verifies it matches the value stored in the user's session, preventing cross-site request forgery (CSRF) attacks.
NIST SP 800-63B recommends at least 128 bits (16 bytes) of entropy for session identifiers. For OAuth state parameters, 32 bytes (256 bits) is widely recommended. This tool defaults to 32 bytes and supports up to 128 bytes.
All three are equally secure. Use hex if your OAuth library expects it. Use base64url for the most compact URL-safe representation. Use alphanumeric for compatibility with systems that reject special characters in query strings.
All token generation happens entirely in your browser using the window.crypto.getRandomValues() API — no data is ever sent to a server. The PHP API endpoint on the server also uses random_bytes() (CSPRNG), but the client-side JS path is the default path for maximum privacy.
These tokens are cryptographically random and suitable for use as OAuth state parameters in production. However, you should generate the state token in your backend code for production apps — use this tool for testing, prototyping, or manual OAuth flows.
Before redirecting to the OAuth provider, generate a state token and store it in the user's server-side session (not in a cookie or localStorage). Append it to the authorization URL as ?state=TOKEN. In your callback handler, compare the returned state query param to the session value — reject the request if they don't match.
The OAuth 2.0 state parameter is a security mechanism defined in RFC 6749 Section 10.12 to prevent cross-site request forgery (CSRF) attacks during the authorization flow. When your application redirects a user to an OAuth provider (Google, GitHub, Facebook, etc.), you include a randomly generated, unguessable token as the state parameter. After the user authenticates and is redirected back, the provider returns this exact token in the callback URL — your app verifies it matches the stored value before processing the authorization code.
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Without the state parameter, an attacker could trick a user into completing an OAuth flow that the attacker initiated. The attack works like this: the attacker begins an OAuth login flow and obtains the authorization URL. They then trick the victim (already logged in to your app) into clicking this URL. The victim authenticates with the OAuth provider, and the callback is sent to the attacker's session — effectively linking the attacker's identity provider account to the victim's app account.
Implementing the state parameter properly breaks this attack: since the victim's session contains a different state token than the one the attacker initiated with, the verification step fails and the flow is rejected.
Here is the complete flow for implementing OAuth state parameter protection:
$_SESSION['oauth_state'] in PHP, or req.session.oauthState in Node.js). Do not use localStorage or cookies that JavaScript can access.https://provider.com/oauth/authorize?...&state=YOUR_TOKEN.state query parameter to the session value using a constant-time comparison. Reject and log the request if they don't match.This tool supports three output formats for maximum compatibility:
The OAuth 2.0 Security Best Current Practice (draft-ietf-oauth-security-topics) recommends using at least 128 bits of entropy for the state parameter. This tool defaults to 32 bytes (256 bits), which provides a comfortable security margin. Even 16 bytes (128 bits) is considered sufficient by most standards — use 32 bytes when in doubt.
The state parameter protects against CSRF attacks on your callback endpoint. PKCE (Proof Key for Code Exchange, RFC 7636) protects against authorization code interception attacks — a different threat model. For public clients (SPAs, mobile apps), you should implement both: state for CSRF protection and PKCE for code injection prevention. For confidential clients (server-side apps with a client secret), PKCE is optional but recommended as defense-in-depth.
Avoid these pitfalls when implementing OAuth state parameter handling:
hash_equals() in PHP or a dedicated function in other languages to prevent timing attacks.